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diagnosis management differential nephrology algorithm pharmacology treatment causes hyperkalemia table hyponatremia medications hypokalemia pathophysiology cardiology clinical comparison classification low ecg
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ... ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent ... Cortisol deficiency UOsm ... < POsm - Vasopressin-independent
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Diuresis (Urine Osm ... <100 mOsm/kg) ... Diuresis (Urine Osm ... 100-200 mOsm/kg ... 300-500 mOsm/kg
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
• ADH Present (Uosm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... be high or low Uosm ... • ADH Present (Uosm ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Hypernatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider history. Most patients presenting with hypernatremia are either very
Step 2: Check Uosm ... using initial Uosm ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Sodium
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg) Assess Volume Status,
135 meq/L, serum Osm ... < 275 mosm/kg) ... Urine Na, Urine Osm
Hyperkalemia Management Membrane Stabilizers: • Calcium gluconate Shifters: • Insulin + glucose • Albuterol Excreters: • Furosemide • Sodium
Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... Management #Treatment #Potassium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm ... wasting • ADH OFF (UOsm ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... while retaining sodium ... result of excreting sodium ... because of the sodium ... will increase potassium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
#2 - Assess the Uosm ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
this pump, those sodium ... outside the cell and sodium ... intracellular sodium ... intracellular sodium ... exchanged for sodium
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