31 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
Bilateral B-Lines ... a lot of B lines ... partially seen shred sign ... #POCUS #clinical ... #ultrasound
Pneumonia on Lung Ultrasound looks like this: 
A-lines replaced by B-lines in an irregular stepladder appearance
Pneumonia on Lung ... Ultrasound looks ... termed the Shred Sign ... Pneumonia #ShredSign #clinical ... #lung #pulmonary
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... #management
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Long symptom-free ... with significant neurologic ... Multiple sclerosis ... attacks with varying neurologic ... signs or symptoms
Pneumothorax on Lung POCUS

A young male presents with acute onset right sided chest pain and shortness
Pneumothorax on Lung ... show stratosphere sign ... Alines appear when ... POCUS #Sliding #Ultrasound ... #clinical #Labeled
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... May repeat until clinical ... Symptoms improve ... urine output for signs ... #Treatment #management
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... Scleroderma, Systemic sclerosis ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
pathogenesis and clinical ... high-resolution ultrasound ... - Subchondral sclerosis ... CPPD #Disease #Signs ... #Symptoms #Pathophysiology