37 results
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
subthreshold mechanical loading ... from continued loading ... StressFractures #msk
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Shift - decreased unloading ... Shift - increased unloading ... #Right #Shift #Differential
Chronic Shoulder Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
4 tests for the AC joint:
1. Direct palpation
2. Cross-arm shoulder
Shoulder Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm 4 tests ... after cross-arm test ... Shoulder #Pain #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #MSK
Thessaly Test for Knee Meniscal Tear

The test is positive if there is medial or lateral joint
Thessaly Test for ... Meniscal Tear The test ... joint line pain, locking ... #Thessaly #Test ... #physicalexam #msk
Differentiation of Causes of Hyperthyroidism According to Pattern of Radionucleotide Uptake
Reduced uptake:
 • Thyroiditis
 • Exogenous
thyroxine • Iodine loading ... radionuclide #uptake #differential
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Water and solute loading ... #Polyuria #Differential
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Renal ultrasound, Tests ... Oral sodium loading ... test (with 24-h ... #Hypertension #Differential
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
-> Mechanical loading ... complications #msk
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Hyperammonemia - Differential ... bleeding (↑ nitrogen loading ... Hyperammonemia #ammonia #Differential
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children
Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes):
 • Check and maintain ABC
renal function test ... • IV Midazolam Loading ... Thiopental Sodium Loading ... Pentobarbital Loading