49 results
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... - Inherited Urea ... of ammonia: - Urease ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Prostatitis - Urease-producing ... Klebsiella) degrade urea ... which may cause ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
- Metastatic (breast ... Unilateral #Bilateral #Causes ... #ophthalmology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
• Tumor (Lung, Breast ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Common Dermatological Conditions - Distribution and Morphology
 • Acne vulgaris - Face, upper back, chest -
eyebrows, perinasal areas ... Erythema with greasy ... - Sun-exposed areas ... with adherent, greasy ... Erythematous macerated areas
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
skin (esp. over areas ... Pericarditis) -> Chest ... Dyspnea, pleuritic chest ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology
Source of pt's sepsis - bacterial orchitis. Heterogenous testicle with areas of necrosis/abscess with absent flow,
testicle with areas ... hydrocele, and other areas ... doppler. 40% of cases ... eabramsMD #Clinical #POCUS
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
, shortness of breath ... - Dyspnea at rest ... infiltrates on chest ... scattered crackles, chest ... • Pathophysiology