12 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... white or yellow areas ... fiber layer -> Cotton-wool ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Autoimmunity • Chronic ... - gastric and breast ... Chest CT: • Ground-glass ... DDX - Other causes ... Malignancies • Chronic
Eczematous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Eczematous - Pruritic/Scaly/Erythematous lesions. Usually poorly demarcated
 • Atopic Dermatitis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... lichenification (chronic ... Yellowish-red plaques with greasy ... scalp/face/central chest ... #causes
Erythemas Summarized
Erythema ab igne
 • A dermatosis that results from repeated exposure to heat (fires, heating
centrifugum • A chronic ... or trunk most commonly ... • Most commonly ... lung, esophageal, breast ... Erythemas #comparison #table
Palpable Skin Crepitus on Physical Exam

Notice these air bubbles under the skin. An 86-year-old woman with
the right side, leading ... and spaces can cause ... travels from these areas ... in subcutaneous areas ... examination, the most common
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
arterioles -> Cotton-wool ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia -> Venous beading ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
infection • Most common ... cause: Aspiration ... pneumonia • Chronic ... • Large volume feeding ... • Diminished breath
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... Infiltration: Often breast ... > 2 • NASH, Chronic ... RBC (hemolysis, bleeding
Polycythemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polycythemia itself isn’t a diagnosis. Like many things, it is a condition
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... : neuro, heme (bleeding ... normal/high - Chronic ... about secondary causes ... workup, think about common
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... during Delivery • Stable ... Postpartum Period • Breast-feeding ... are relatively common