31 results
Tumor markers in clinical practice
Colorectal - CEA
Hepatocellular - AFP
Pancreatic - CA 19-9
Ovarian - CA 125
Breast -
Ovarian - CA 125 Breast ... Prostate - PSA Germ cell ... Lung (non-small cell ... SCC Lung (small cell ... laboratory #diagnosis #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Rapidly rising blast ... • CML -> AML: Blast ... 10% leukocytes Blast ... Intracellular Urate ... Leukemia #Hematology #Oncology
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
in adults - Breast ... Non-Malignant • Giant Cell ... Orthopedics #Causes #Oncology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
the mastoid air cells ... ) Stage 4: Cell ... into contiguous areas ... postauricular crease ... symptoms #diagnosis #otology
Diagnostic criteria for Neutropenic Enterocolitis (NEC)
Major Criteria:
 • Neutropenia (ANC <500 x 10^9 cells/L)
 • Bowel
ANC <500 x 10^9 cells ... thickening on CT ... segment for at least ... criteria #hematology #oncology
Fournier’s Gangrene - Physical examination was notable for necrotic-appearing tissue in the scrotum and perineum, with
perineum, with areas ... Clinical #Surgery #CT ... #Subcutaneous #NEJM
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
- Metastatic (breast ... - Langerhans's cell ... Bilateral #Causes #ophthalmology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Summary of Oncologic ... suspected) - CT ... chest; CT abdomen ... “big & sticky” cells ... ± tocilizumab; call
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
to impaired B-cell ... - gastric and breast ... Chest CT: • Ground-glass ... IgG level X2 at least
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
Giant cell arteritis ... (GCA) Giant cell ... in literature (NEJM ... cases (Cornelia NEJM ... required +/- prompt ophthalmology