13 results
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Schistocytes, helmet cells ... • Severe Liver ... Treatment: • Treat ... primary cause
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Rapidly rising blast ... crises • Blasts ... night sweats, bleeding ... Fibrinolysis & DIC ... Intracellular Urate
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... Infiltration: Often breast ... RBC (hemolysis, bleeding ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia -> Venous beading ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
on the skin • Areas ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... cardiomyopathy, ARDS, DIC ... coagulopathy - Possible DIC ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
rapidly progresses: cell ... wet (dependent areas ... AI, thyroid dz liver ... • Hemorrhagic: bleeding ... #differential #causes
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
rapidly progresses: cell ... wet (dependent areas ... AI, thyroid dz liver ... • Hemorrhagic: bleeding ... #differential #causes
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
pain, dark urine, DIC ... Causes purpura & ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... potassium from lysed cells ... to inability to break
Common Malignancies That Cause Ascites
The most common malignancies causing ascites are ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric
Malignancies That Cause ... - Signet ring cell ... is peritoneal seeding ... Breast Cancer ... CARCINOMATOSIS - Tumor cells