15 results
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
vs Bilateral Unilateral ... - Metastatic (breast ... histocytosis Bilateral ... #Bilateral #Causes ... #ophthalmology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Tumor (Lung, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Intermittent Bilateral Exophthalmos (Alternating Exophthalmos and Enophthalmos) on Physical Exam

Observing this patient in silence for a
Intermittent Bilateral ... Treatments are aimed ... this patient- bilateral ... #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
into contiguous areas ... membrane • Through lateral ... postauricular crease ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... For pituitary masses ... is the order of least-essential ... For The Adenoma Please ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Posterior staphyloma on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient presents bilateral posterior staphylomas and areas of scarring and fibrosis
Patient presents bilateral ... staphylomas and areas ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... Escorial criteria uses ... LMN Signs in at least ... diagnosis column Treatment
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... show symmetric bilateral ... volume • Patchy areas ... Treatment: • HAART ... treatment • Cognitive