13 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... Brudzinski's sign ... Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... , Brudzinski's sign
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
findings Acute or Chronic ... into contiguous areas ... postauricular crease ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
from TB endemic areas ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
in sun exposed areas ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... recovery after breast ... will eventually break ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
skin (esp. over areas ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... is the order of least-essential ... For The Adenoma Please ... Signs / Symptoms ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Common Ulcers of the Ankles and Feet

Chronic Venous Insuffciency 
This condition usually appears over the medial
Ankles and Feet Chronic ... feet, or possibly areas ... pressure points of areas ... uncomplicated cases ... Associated signs
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
on the skin • Areas ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... Hyperventilation, Dizziness, Nausea ... differential #diagnosis #causes