9 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... act together to break ... In DKA, the normal ... Please see details ... #Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
from choroid to retina ... photoreceptors -> Break ... fundoscopy -> New abnormal ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... to be falsely normal ... tachycardia, Incr resting ... breathing) • Ketone breath ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
Abnormal liver function ... tests algorithm ... Areas of diagnostic ... ; T2DM, type 2 diabetes ... #Algorithm #Hepatology
Posterior staphyloma on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient presents bilateral posterior staphylomas and areas of scarring and fibrosis
staphylomas and areas ... staphyloma #Scarring #Retina ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology
Presbyopia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Presbyopia is part of the normal ageing of the lens
is part of the normal ... Conditions such as diabetes ... converge behind the retina ... #Presbyopia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Congenital Rubella - On examination, the child had wandering eye movements with bilateral central, dense, white,
examination revealed a normal ... appearance of the retina ... distribution of areas ... B) #Clinical #Ophthalmology