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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
cysts (LAM, LIP ... on the basis of HRCT ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... LowAttenuation #Differential ... Emphysema #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... is seen in: - UIP ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #ChestCT #Differential ... #Upper #Lower #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis on HRCT
Most of our knowledge about imaging findings in interstitial lung disease comes from
Differential diagnosis ... in interstitial lung ... in many cases UIP ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #RadiologyAssistant
Ground-glass opacity
Ground-glass opacity (GGO) represents:
- Filling of the alveolar spaces with pus, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation or
resolution of the HRCT ... or interstitial lung ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #GroundGlass #Differential ... #RadiologyAssistant
Central distribution is seen in sarcoidosis and cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Peripheral distribution is mainly seen in cryptogenic
pneumonia and UIP ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #ChestCT #Differential ... Central #Peripheral #RadiologyAssistant
High Attenuation pattern 
1. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with peripheral areas of ground glass opacity.
2. Sarcoid end-stage
with peripheral areas ... presenting as areas ... consolidation #Clinical #Radiology ... #HRCT #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
morphologic findings on HRCT ... findings of NSIP, UIP ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... ILD #Findings #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
low attenuation areas ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #HRCT #CTChest ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
The CXR demonstrates a reticular interstitial pattern with a preference at the lung bases.
The HRCT demonstrates
preference at the lung ... The HRCT demonstrates ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #UIP #CTChest ... TractionBronchiectasis #RadiologyAssistant
UIP
UIP is a histologic pattern of pulmonary fibrosis.
On a chest X-ray UIP manifests as a reticular
On a chest X-ray ... A HRCT is needed ... HRCT demonstrated ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #Honeycombing #RadiologyAssistant