16 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... fiber layer -> Cotton-wool ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Other common ... Absence of other common ... #differential #diagnosis
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation causes ... tightness Most Common ... Nasal polyps and signs ... parenchyma Diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis
Eczematous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Eczematous - Pruritic/Scaly/Erythematous lesions. Usually poorly demarcated
 • Atopic Dermatitis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Eczematous ... lichenification (chronic ... scalp/face/central chest ... #Algorithm #causes
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
Autoimmunity • Chronic ... - gastric and breast ... Chest CT: • Ground-glass ... DDX - Other causes ... Malignancies • Chronic
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... at the time of diagnosis ... dyspnea, cough, chest ... #Management #Signs
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
skin (esp. over areas ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #ExtraArticular
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
infection • Most common ... cause: Aspiration ... pneumonia • Chronic ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... #differential #causes
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
findings Acute or Chronic ... hearing loss, nausea ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #otology
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential Diagnosis ... • CT: Halo sign ... Abdominal pain, chronic ... factor • May cause ... #differential #diagnosis