23 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... Excessive urination, Abdominal ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Nausea/vomiting • Abdominal ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... bronzing") - Palmar creases ... Reduced libido • Signs
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... /Symptoms: • Usually ... Abdominal or flank ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology:
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Mediterranean areas ... - May involve symptoms ... in the knee-to-chest ... Positive Carnett's sign ... #Pain #differential
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Algorithm and Differential ... blood count with differential ... electrolytes, urea ... clinical context and signs ... renal biopsy • Abdominal
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Findings Urgency Urinary ... increase in intra-abdominal ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... pinched by the abdominal ... • Primary varicocele ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
skin (esp. over areas ... Pericarditis) -> Chest ... Dyspnea, pleuritic chest ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... bile ducts Differential
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
classically purple abdominal ... not a feature of primary ... Imaging: 1) Primary ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology