12 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... bronzing") - Palmar creases ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... For The Adenoma Please ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... #SideEffects #endocrinology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... anion gap until it closes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... Mediterranean areas ... - May involve symptoms ... in the knee-to-chest ... Positive Carnett's sign
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
in sun exposed areas ... hair follicles -> causes ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
patient has severe symptoms ... FE Urate post correction ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause ... Hyponatremia #Management #algorithm
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
skin (esp. over areas ... Pericarditis) -> Chest ... inflammation tends to cause ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
especially in areas ... , oral cavity) Caused ... is suspected: chest ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology