15 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Primary #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... secreting tumor, Primary ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #urinary
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring urinary ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... syndromePrimary ... #causes #nephrology
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... Barter, or Gitelman ... Syndrome Unremarkable ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology