22 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Primary #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... secreting tumor, Primary ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring urinary ... either secondary or primary ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... • Primary Hyperaldosteronism ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
(Hx of COPD, OSA ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... Barter, or Gitelman ... Syndrome Unremarkable ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #causes #urinary
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
and decreased metabolism ... Portosystemic shunts - Urinary ... rare): - Reye syndrome ... (Peds) - Primary ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Multiple myeloma & Acute ... Y t amino acid metabolism ... hyper-NH3 if elderly + urinary ... retention Unmasked Urea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology