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diagnosis differential alkalosis hypokalemia metabolic aids associated causes dementia disorder fanconi hand hiv hypochloremia liddle localization management nephron neurocognitive neurology
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome • Urine Chloride • Urine Ca/Cr ratio Dr. Krithika
Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... #syndrome #Bartter ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... tubule (DCT) Clinical ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
contracted: urine chloride ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diuresis - Bartter ... - Gitelman ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... (BBB), and infects ... Clinical Presentation ... : The clinical ... syndrome of HAD
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