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diagnosis differential causes alkalosis hypokalemia metabolic bartter chloride epithelial fanconi hyponatremia hypotonic inherited kidney localization management metabolicalkalosis nephron nongap physiologic
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Defects Fanconi ... Liddle Syndrome ... #Liddle #Syndrome ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Liddle syndrome ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Gitelman Syndrome ... in the distal tubule ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... , Renal tubular ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hypokalemia • Renal tubular ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Losses - Impaired tubular ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... • Licorice • Liddle's ... Syndrome • Enzyme ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
diuretics after renal tubule ... deficiency • Liddle ... reabsorptive defect ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Active (or too little ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
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