10 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Low-normal EABV ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Thiazide ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #Gitelman #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... • Magnesium depletion ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology