12 results
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Hyperammonemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Infections: • Urease-producing ... retention Unmasked Urea ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Thiazide induced Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology
 • Reduced distal delivery
 • Inhibition of the NCC (dilution capcity)-
Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology ... mechanism • Reduced urea ... #Hyponatremia #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #differential
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Syndrome #PUBS #pathophysiology ... #clinical #photo ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Ocular Ultrasound Pocketcard
Painless Vision Loss
 • Retinal Detachment 
 • Posterior Vitreous Detachment 
 • Vitreous
Periorbital Edema - POCUS ... Ocular #Ultrasound #pocus ... #differential # ... diagnosis #radiology ... #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... lung, Renal Cell, Breast ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #algorithm
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
- Inherited Urea ... of ammonia: - Urease ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis
Proptosis - Differential Diagnosis - Unilateral vs Bilateral
Unilateral:
 • Infections (can become bilateral with cavernous sinus
Proptosis - Differential ... Diagnosis - Unilateral ... - Metastatic (breast ... #Diagnosis #Unilateral ... Bilateral #Causes #ophthalmology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
Pupillary Defects - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Tumor (Lung, Breast ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs