9 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... • Burns • ICU ... #Nephrology #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... Measure urine osmolality ... include vaptans (HF ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... can be high or low ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
urine output. ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... #heartfailure #chf ... #criticalcare #icu
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
other, more common causes ... ❹ Call for MH treatment ... • Ice packing ... Hyperkalaemia: calcium chloride ... hyperventilate, sodium
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI
30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
(pleocytosis & low ... Nausea & vomiting ... Standard treatment ... of K+ & Mg in urine ... T2 #MRI #Brain #clinical