7 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... volume contracted: urine ... hyperaldosteronism) • Severe Cushing ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Endocrine and metabolic ... hypertension (90% of cases ... alkalosis (Due ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... Diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... • Other symptoms ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology