9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #Urinary #Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... volume contracted: urine ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... ) Causes of primary ... prolapse (Marfan syndrome ... , Ehler-Danlos syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Causes
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... Echocardiography, Cardiac MRI ... Sarcoidosis, Primary ... Hyper-eosinophilc Syndrome ... #differential #cardiology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cushing's Syndrome ... hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... disease, CT and/or MRI ... #Cushings #Syndrome