8 results
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
osm): Diabetes ... urea, mannitol), Chronic ... Isosthenuria): Chronic ... tract infection ... , Interstitial cystitis
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Usually middle-aged diabetic ... outlet obstruction, chronic ... present or signs of infection ... present • UA and Urine ... #diagnosis #management
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... tract infections ... pyelonephritis, cystitis
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
inflammation/ infection ... (cystitis, UTI) ... , diabetes mellitus ... filling pushing urine ... SUI or UUI not caused
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... Acute myocardial infarction ... insipidus • Primary
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... acute reversal of chronic ... after renal tubule diuretic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... /carbenoxolone ingestion
IDSA - Approach to Treating a Patient With Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
When to consider a trial of
a Patient With Diabetic ... Foot Osteomyelitis ... destruction has not caused ... tissue wound or primary ... #nonoperative #management
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
• Histoplasma urinary ... MUCORMYCOSIS • Risk: Diabetes ... extrapulmonary disease (osteomyelitis ... • Respiratory/urinary ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management