9 results
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
• Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Relief of prolonged urinary ... Partial Dl • Chronic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... tract infections ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Usually middle-aged diabetic ... outlet obstruction, chronic ... present or signs of infection ... present • UA and Urine ... also important Management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... acute reversal of chronic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... /carbenoxolone ingestion ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Acute myocardial infarction ... insipidus • Primary ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
IDSA - Approach to Treating a Patient With Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
When to consider a trial of
a Patient With Diabetic ... Foot Osteomyelitis ... destruction has not caused ... tissue wound or primary ... #nonoperative #management
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
85% • < 50% in chronic ... MUCORMYCOSIS • Risk: Diabetes ... extrapulmonary disease (osteomyelitis ... antibodies • Urinary ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management