10 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Goodpasture's cause ... reveals increasing blood ... hematuria, RBC casts ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Excretion: - Renal ... lysis) ± Urine ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... #nephrology #K
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... elevated white blood ... • Treatment of ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Microbiology: Blood ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... • Blood cultures ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Diagnosis and Management ... of pre-eclampsia ... • Increased renal ... helpful in severe cases ... #magnesium #nephrology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Microbiology: Blood ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... Septic emboli cause ... Diagnosis: • Blood ... hematuria, + RF Treatment