7 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diuretics after renal ... generally indicates a renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... formation along glomerular ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Hypokalemia (renal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... , Renal tubular ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology