24 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... proximal features and high ... #Acidosis #RTA ... #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Diagnosis ... #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... #Management #nephrology ... #table
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... Type 1 Totally ... with direct urine ... #Management #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... excess - Renal tubular ... acidosis (Types ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... to acidify urine ... #Hyperkalemic #Diagnosis ... #Management #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
tubular acidosis ... , a high urine chloride ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal Tubular ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... #Workup #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Hypercalcemia, Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... acidosis (types ... #differential #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Red cell casts - Diagnostic ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... normal; >3 per high-power ... Hyaline casts - Any type ... #nephrology #casts
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology