15 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
• Proximal RTA ... • Distal RTA ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... tubular acidosis (RTA ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Aortic Dissection - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • HPI: sudden onset, "tearing" chest pain, radiation to
Aortic Dissection - Diagnosis ... concurrent stroke-like symptoms ... FHx • Imaging: CTA ... Dissection protocol • Classification ... Management #summary #treatment
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... (11-ß HSD type ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... : • Triad of symptoms ... Weakness - Dark urine ... • Other symptoms ... #nephrology
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
mononucleosis/flu type ... Viral hepatitis Diagnosis ... acquisition in which no diagnostic ... antibody test) Treatment ... #HIV #diagnosis
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
proteinuria: - Urine ... defined as nephrotic syndrome ... Macroalbuminuria is a type ... #CKD #nephrology ... #diagnosis #proteinuria
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typeb #classification
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Renin/Aldosterone, RTA ... Type IV, AI • ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... #potassium #nephrology