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neurology management treatment algorithm infections microscopy rhabdomyolysis summary syndrome syndromes workup abg acid acidbase aids aki alkalosis atlas base bee
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... repeat testing • Acute ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... isotonic fluids (NS ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Pediatric Vomiting - Gastrointestinal and Systemic Causes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hepatobiliary: • Acute Hepatitis • Acute
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... malrotation Endocrine/Metabolic ... Intracranial Pressure (CNS ... #Causes #Peds #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... Diagnosis: Causes ... acidosis: - CNS ... #Summary #Nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
nervous system (CNS ... Inflammatory causes ... Cogan syndrome • Acute ... #inflammatory #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis ECF ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #Infections #differential
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Cast formation: ... #nephrology
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