9 results
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... sodium low, uric ... - Urine sodium ... high and uric acid ... low in euvolemic
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Urologic irrigants Hypotonic ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Acid → SIADH - High ... #low #uricacid
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... Urine Osmolality ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... mannitol, glucosuria Low
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... • Hypovolemia: ... causes #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Extravascular: Pancreatitis, surgery, acute phosphate intake and renal
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... mets- prostate cancer ... Hyperphosphatemia, High ... Hyperphosphatemia, Low ... Gadolinium contrast agents
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Diagnosis Algorithm ... in Cancer UOsm ... 100 mOsm/kg = Urine ... concentrated for hypotonic ... appropriate • Hypovolemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
radiocontrast, hypertonic ... noncardioselective agents ... malignancy, metastatic cancer ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Differential #Diagnosis #High