23 results
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... sodium low, uric ... - Urine sodium ... high and uric acid ... low in euvolemic
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... >145 mmol/L High ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... saline administration ... mannitol, glucosuria Low
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Acid → SIADH - High ... #low #uricacid
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... #Hypertonic #Saline
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... causes #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... with Hypertonic ... Saline The goal ... probably not the low ... #treatment #Hypertonic
Treatment of Hyperkalemia
Membrane Stabilization
 • Calcium Gluconate (10%)
 • Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
Shifters:
 • Insulin (Short
Treatment of Hyperkalemia ... Gluconate (10%) • Hypertonic ... (3%) Normal Saline ... Furosemide • Sodium ... Bicarbonate • Sodium
Acute Hyperkalemia Management
 • Membrane Stabilization: Calcium Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline
 • Shifters: Insulin
Acute Hyperkalemia ... Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic ... (3%) Normal Saline ... Bicarbonate, Sodium ... #Management #treatment
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
saline infusion ... • Serum K: low ... 4: Hyperkalemic ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High