13 results
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... ultrafiltration; UO, urine ... #Diuretic #Diuresis ... #CHF #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm

CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction
SIADH - Fluid restriction
 - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop diuretic ... -> free water diuresis ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Check Urine Osmolality ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... (diuretics, mineralocorticoid ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... OFF (UNa > 30): SIADH ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... • Euvolemia: SIADH ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... causes #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
release of anti-diuretic ... stimulated in states of low ... Measured urine sodium ... #Hypovolemia #EBV ... #potomania #SIADH
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium