6 results
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... Then, ask 3 questions ... approach to the differential ... Measure urine osmolality ... #Differential #
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
tubular acidosis ... tubular acidosis ... - Antiviral treatment ... #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... before beginning treatment ... #Elevation #Differential
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... salivary ducts Clinical ... tubular acidosis ... phenomenon (16%) MSK ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment