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Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
(alveolar edema ... The following signs ... After treatment ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar ... #Pulmonary #Edema
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... Kerley B lines, alveolar ... → no signs of CXR
Lung Findings on Physical Exam
Crackles:
 • Short, discontinuous, sounds mostly heard during inspiration
 • Caused by
Lung Findings on ... distal airways/alveoli ... as seen in pulmonary ... edema and pneumonia ... PhysicalExam #diagnosis #signs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs ... edema can be caused ... #edema #causes
CT will also demonstrate signs of congestive heart failure.
On the image on the left notice the
also demonstrate signs ... dependent part of the lungs ... presentation of alveolar ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CTChest #CHF #
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the result of insufficient output because of cardiac failure, high resistance
In the lungs LV ... finally into the alveoli ... edema. ... disease and causes ... #Diagnosis #Radiology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of poor perfusion ... status and low urine ... Signs of congestion ... the determined cause ... #heartfailure #chf
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• CT: Halo sign ... phagocytic function of alveolar ... and diarrhea • Hyponatremia ... factor • May cause ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI
30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
of prior silent pulmonary ... organism (soap bubble sign ... Nausea & vomiting ... Standard treatment ... of K+ & Mg in urine