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diagnosis treatment differential algorithm hyperkalemia hyponatremia potassium causes neurology table criticalcare gitelman acute cardiology low medications pathophysiology pharmacology abg acid
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #hypokalemia ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate • Patiromer (veltassa) •
of Hyperkalemia ... • SPS - Sodium ... veltassa) • SZC - Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia # ... table #comparison #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Acute Hyperkalemia Management • Membrane Stabilization: Calcium Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline • Shifters: Insulin
Acute Hyperkalemia ... Management • Membrane ... Shifters: Insulin (Short ... Bicarbonate, Sodium ... #Management #treatment
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... priapism • Lab values ... sudden death • Lab values ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... TLS #diagnosis #management
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