9 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #hypokalemia ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... of breath • Neurologic ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hyperkalemia ... renal failure • Hypocalcemia ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
priapism • Lab values ... sudden death • Lab values ... Elevated uric acid ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... previously stable values ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... PRIS), Valproic Acid ... Bowel Syndrome,
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
and ulcers • Vagus ... • Boerhaave syndrome ... ELECTROLYTES • Hypokalemic ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... And BMP Normal Values ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Pinpoint-sized red spots ... vitamin B12 or folic acid ... Workup: • Complete ... #diagnosis #hematology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
full infectious work-up ... days → add fungal work-up ... ): - Hematologic ... Phos, high uric acid ... rasburicase if uric acid