13 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute Kidney ... • Inflammatory disease ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
radiation dose Ultrasound ... causes of flank or abdominal ... retroperitoneal disease ... MRI - Limited value ... Calculi #Renal #Kidney
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
IgG4-Related Disease ... Retroperitoneum and aorta ... (aorta, salivary ... lesions, meninges, kidneys ... specific laboratory tests
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... - Renal ultrasound ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... ; MRA; abdominal
Chronic Diarrhea - Workup
Osmotic:
 • Consider food diary and trial avoiding certain foods or meds, Consider
hydrogen breath test ... colonoscopy), Abdominal ... imaging (CT, ultrasound ... testing for celiac disease ... #differential #
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- GI tract: abdominal ... < 30 years - Aorta ... branches • GCA: - Aorta ... Supply gut -> abdominal ... retinopathy Lab Tests
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs R-value ... - Check Obtain imaging ... of cholestatic disease ... liver #chemistry #diagnosis ... #differential #
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Diagnosis Framework ... < 30 years • Aorta ... Arteritis): • Aorta ... musculoskeletal systems • Kidneys ... gut involvement, abdominal
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... previously stable values ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... Coarctation of aorta ... Renal parenchymal disease
Polycythemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polycythemia itself isn’t a diagnosis. Like many things, it is a condition
Polycythemia - Differential ... that a one-off value ... oxygen sensing (at kidneys ... As with many disease ... Best to have an