Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose is desirable, e.g. in pregnancy - Frequent X-rays useful tor stone clearance/recurrence or growth assessment to reduce total radiation dose Ultrasound - Safe, non-invasive - High sensitivity for obstruction - Better tor ureteropelvic junction and ureterovesical junction stones Non-contrast CT - Rapid. highly accurate. highly sensitive and specific (97—100%) for ureteric and renal stones - Accurate delineation of size and location, obstruction - Able to identify non-calculus causes of flank or abdominal pain: diagnoses retroperitoneal disease CT-KUB - Combination of above MRI - Limited value: cannot identify calcifications - Costly and time-consuming for ureteric and renal stones IVP - Combines calcific stone detection with function and anatomy (collecting system duplication, calyceal diverticulae). degree and level of obstruction - Useful for non-calculus causes of obstruction (papillary necrosis, polyps. urothelial tumors) - Limited IVP can be used in pregnancy (lower dose than a CT-based scan) when an ultrasound is inconclusive Surgical—retrograde cystoscopy and ureteroscopy - Imaging associated with surgical access to the lower and upper urinary tract: diagnostic and therapeutic #Imaging #Modalities #Calculi #Renal #Kidney #stones #calculus #Radiology #Diagnosis
