149 results
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... many non-hepatic causes ... = Non hepatic causes ... Medications - Valproic
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
diagnosis with direct urine ... ammonium assay. ... Failure to acidify urine ... Management #Nephrology #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... - Magnesium, ammonium ... Infection with ammonia-producing ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Ammonium Urate Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Very much like a black sea urchin in these particular examples

Dr.
Ammonium Urate Crystals ... on Urine Microscopy ... @JoseTesser #Ammonium ... clinical #nephrology #urine
Differential diagnosis of hyperammonemia

#Hyperammonemia #Ammonia #Drugs #Medications #Differential #Diagnosis #Causes #Table
Hyperammonemia #Ammonia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Drugs: • Valproic ... Hyperammonemia #ammonia
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... Gap represents ammonium ... salts = Measured Urine ... + Urea/2.8) Urine
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
system; are Mg ammonium ... secondary to elevated urine ... breakdown yields ammonia ... acid levels, low urine ... These mutations cause
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... RBC - Brown urine
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap ... surrogate for Urine ... negative AG implies ↑ ammonium ... ThePeanutKidney #Urine