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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm causes management treatment hyponatremia metabolic alkalosis workup clinical pathophysiology hypokalemia microscopy renal acidosis bag colored discoloration
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
major sources of ammonia ... production of ammonia ... elimination of ammonia ... Medications - Valproic ... rare): - Reye syndrome
Ammonium Urate Crystals on Urine Microscopy Very much like a black sea urchin in these particular examples Dr.
Ammonium Urate Crystals ... on Urine Microscopy ... @JoseTesser #Ammonium ... clinical #nephrology #urine
Urine Microscopy Crystals Uric Acid crystals: - Formation promoted by acidic urine - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... disease Magnesium ammonium ... independent of urine
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Hematologic & Vascular: • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Drugs: • Valproic ... Hyperammonemia #ammonia
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... Gap represents ammonium ... salts = Measured Urine ... + Urea/2.8) Urine
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... - Magnesium, ammonium ... phosphate: alkaline urine ... Infection with ammonia-producing
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis Turbid White Urine (Albinuria): • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal Urine ... • Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... Myoglobinuria, Nutcracker syndrome
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+ NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap ... surrogate for Urine ... negative AG implies ↑ ammonium ... ThePeanutKidney #Urine
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
diagnosis with direct urine ... ammonium assay. ... Failure to acidify urine
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