28 results
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... edema caused by ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Pathogenesis and clinical ... absent or partial retinal ... spread • Sub-retinal ... visual acuity - Retinal ... #signs #symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hemorrhages in the inner retina ... nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... of the terminal retinal ... lesions in the inner retinal ... #signs #symptoms
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... damage such as retinal ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... bruit or signs
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
disease (panuveitis, retinal ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... involvement (uveitis or retinal ... : Giant retinal ... #management #signs
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... based on repeat clinic ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... steroids) • Renin-Angiotensin ... #Nephrology #Differential
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
pathways occur at the retina ... activation of retina-driven ... - Autonomic symptoms ... - Miosis Secondary ... glaucoma - Ocular
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Signs and symptoms ... patients with clinically ... stimulation Clinical ... progressive decline → Secondary ... #management #neurology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
Pathogenesis and clinical ... spermatic vein Secondary ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology ... #Diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... conjunction with symptoms ... • Genetic • Retinal ... MRI lesions and clinical ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology