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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Distress Syndrome – ARDS ... : Clinical Cheat ... Berlin criteria ... sepsis-associated ARDS ... days after dx of ARDS
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Distress Syndrome (ARDS ... week of a known clinical ... lobar collapse, lung ... severity of the ARDS ... >= 5cm H2O #ARDS
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
transfusion • Criteria: ARDS ... Berlin Criteria ... of ARDS to explain ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... with pulmonary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Edema - Differential ... Causes include: ... ischemic changes CXR ... distress syndrome (ARDS ... Transfusion-related acute lung
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... blood cells in the lung ... • Traumatic brain ... respiratory failure or ARDS ... #differential #diagnosis
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Infection in HIV / AIDS ... should be based on clinical ... enhancement on CT ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #diagnosis #AIDS
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
CT: Halo sign ... factor • May cause ... Focal pneumonia, pleural ... Infections #HIV #AIDS ... #pulmonary #differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Reversible course Differential ... the underlying cause ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
has five major clinical ... fungal stain of clinical ... yeast • At risk: AIDS ... change in the lungs ... nails, bronchi, lungs