26 results
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Sodium zirconium ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #binders
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... Decreased GFR, urine volume ... • Saline May Cause
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give volume ... treat underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
electrolyte abnormality caused ... body water in comparison ... the total body sodium ... among the possible causes ... in blood urea causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Hyponatremia According to Volume ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia
 • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
 • Patiromer (veltassa)
 •
Management of Hyperkalemia ... • SPS - Sodium ... veltassa) • SZC - Sodium ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Effective Circulating Volume ... ”) - Volume depletion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... tacrolimus - Hyperkalemic ... distal tubule sodium ... water delivery: volume ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes