19 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... Sodium zirconium ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give volume ... treat underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Hyponatremia According to Volume ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... Decreased GFR, urine volume ... • Saline May Cause ... increases interstitial volume
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Effective Circulating Volume ... ”) - Volume depletion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... tacrolimus - Hyperkalemic ... distal tubule sodium ... water delivery: volume ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Diuresis • Acute Volume ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... pain, dizziness, volume ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm