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Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... urine sediment - WBC ... /RBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... blasts and high WBC ... count cause hyperviscosity ... syndrome • Triggers ... • Lab values: WBC
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... Pancytopenia: • ↓ RBC ... • ↓ WBC • ↓
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key - Squamous Epithelial Casts - Transitional Epithelial Cells - Renal Tubular
Microscopy and Casts ... Squamous Epithelial Casts ... Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... - WBC Cast - ... RBC Cast - Fatty
Borrelia recurrentis on Peripheral Blood Smear 23M Somali refugee recently arrived w/severe abd pain, confusion and fever
Hgb 12.5, WBC 14 ... relapsing fever caused ... TBRF is caused by ... the body louse, causes ... Syndrome: 3d of
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria: - RBC ... - Dysmorphic RBC ... • Nutcracker syndrome
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic NO cause found in 60% of cases Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin) Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA) Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial cells, pH #Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC,
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