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Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
Components • a wave ... - due to atrial ... • c wave - caused ... • v wave - results ... #Waves #Jugular
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
- Atrial fibrillation ... - Atrial flutter ... stenosis, right atrial ... stenosis, right atrial ... regurgitation, atrial
Comparison of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia - Atrial Rate >
of Multifocal Atrial ... Tachycardia, Atrial ... > 100 1. >3 p wave ... tooth" flutter waves ... discernible P waves
EKG Interpretation Cheat Sheet
1) Rate 
 - Regular - Count-Off 
 - Irregular - Count number
• Inverted P Waves ... origin within the atria ... (e.g. ectopic atrial ... Morphology = multifocal atrial ... • Saw-Tooth = Atrial
Cannon A Waves
 • Caused by atrial contracting against a closed tricuspid valve
 • Atrioventricular dissociation
Cannon A Waves ... • Caused by atrial ... • The cannon a wave ... dissociation + retrograde atrial ... 2LmUODZ #Cannon #AWaves
Cannon A Waves of Complete Heart Block on Physical Exam
A patient presented to clinic with lightheadedness
Cannon A Waves of ... The a wave is the ... in CVP due to atrial ... When the atrium ... conditions in which the atrium
Counterclockwise and (Left) vs Clockwise (Right) Flutter
Typical atrial flutter is counterclockwise in direction and originates from
Flutter Typical atrial ... negatively-directed flutter waves ... positively-directed flutter waves ... Atypical atrial ... to the flutter waves
Ectopic atrial rhythm
 • The atrial rate is less than 100 bpm.
 • PR interval within
Ectopic atrial rhythm ... • The atrial ... compared with the P wave ... • P wave morphology ... • Inverted P waves
Atrial Flutter on Neck Examination

If you can dx this rhythm, you are born before 1960. 
Early
Atrial Flutter on ... being the "c" wave ... accentuated the "a" wave ... we see flutter waves ... JamesOngMD #Atrial
Multifocal Atrial Arrhythmias on ECG
Multifocal atrial rhythm & Multifocal atrial tachycardia
ECG Recognition:
 • Variable P wave
Multifocal Atrial ... ECG Multifocal atrial ... rhythm & Multifocal atrial ... • Variable P wave ... MAT #Multifocal #atrial