1223 results
Progressive ECG changes with increasing 
hyperkalaemia. 
 (a) Normal 
 (b) Tented T wave (arrow)
Progressive ECG changes ... (arrow) with widened ... #Progression #Changes
T-Wave ECG changes in Hyperkalemia vs Hyperacute MI
 - Hyperkalemia: Increased height, without increase area
 -
T-Wave ECG changes ... electrocardiogram #comparison
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel Blockers
Subclasses, Mechanisms, Indications, Side Effects
la - Quinidine, Procainamide
lb - Lidocaine, Mexiletine
Ic -
Antiarrhythmics - Sodium Channel ... Antiarrhythmics #Sodium #Channel ... pharmacology #table #comparison
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel ... fast AP cells • Widens ... Class III - K+ Channel ... Class IV - Ca2+ Channel
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
podocytes • Changed ... nephritic #nephrotic #comparison
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Epithelial Sodium Channel ... #pharmacology #comparison
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Widened Pulse Pressure ... Blood Pressure “Widened ... Complications of Widened ... Tricuspid Stenosis #Widened
Toxidromes Summary Table
Heart Rate - Respiratory Rate - Blood Pressure - Mental Status - Skin -
Cholinergic • Ion Channel ... (BB) • Ion Channel ... #Toxidromes #comparison
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
repolarization; changes ... disappear, QRS widens ... Hyperkalemia #EKG #ECG #Changes
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Depolarization: • Na+ channels ... Phase • Ca++ channels ... Potential: • K+ channels ... CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel ... Block fast Na+ channels