21 results
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
and Biliary Diseases ... 1) Hands: Clubbing ... fluid, Dilated abdominal ... Ascites, Palpable gallbladder ... #diagnosis
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Highest • Bone • Liver ... Pruritis History and ... elevation DDX of Hepatic ... PSC - Other biliary
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Infiltrative diseases ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... pregnancy • Primary biliary ... Veno-occlusive disease
Ascites - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis) - 80%
Underlying malignancy - 10%
Congestive heart
- Differential Diagnosis ... Chronic liver disease ... 3-5% Cirrhosis and ... , Fulminant Hepatic ... Failure, Pancreatic, Biliary
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis ... disease, Hepatic ... Benign/malignant biliary ... presentation: Hepatic ... #Injury #Diagnosis
The 6 C’s of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
PSC is a chronic, cholestatic, immune-mediated disease characterized by
extra-hepatic bile ... to multi-focal biliary ... asymptomatic at diagnosis ... hepato-biliary ... gallbladder cancer
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... or higher • Liver ... malignancies, Hepatic
Causes of Intrahepatic Gas
Non-Iatrogenic:
 • Biliary: Emphysematous cholecystitis, Ascending cholangitis, Enteric-biliary fistula, Biliary-bronchopleural fistula, Congenital incompetent
Inflammatory bowel disease ... • Parenchymal: Hepatic ... , Chemotherapy and ... Oxidized cellulose, Hepatic ... #differential #diagnosis
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... nausea, vomiting, abdominal ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... ) Differential Diagnosis ... age • Monitor and
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
decompensated liver ... disease) are the ... = Non hepatic ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis