Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases 1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic encephalopathy), Palmar erythema 2) Face: Jaundice, Spider naevi, Parotid swelling, Xanthelasma and jaundiced sclera in a patient with chronic, cholestasis, Kayser-Fleischer rings in Wilson's disease 3) Chest: Loss of body hair, Gynaecomastia, Spider naevi 4) Abdomen: Scars, Distension, Veins, Testicular atrophy, Aspiration of ascitic fluid, Dilated abdominal wall veins (caput medusae) 5) Abdomen - palpation/percussion/auscultation: Hepatomegaly, Splenornegaly, Ascites, Palpable gallbladder, Hepatic bruit (rare), Tumour 6) Legs: Bruising, Edema #biliary #physicalexam #cirrhosis #liver #disease #signs #diagnosis
